
Pune, the cultural capital of Maharashtra is just 170 kms from
Mumbai. The district of Pune has been an important region through history
right from the ancient times, through the Mughal era and later under the
British regime.
For over a century, Pune was the bastion of the
all-powerful Maratha empire and it was under the reign of Shivaji, the 17th
century Maratha king, that Pune entered its most famous phase in history.
Later on, Pune became the seat of the Peshwas, under whom Maratha power rose
into a major political force. Its influence expanded beyond the limits of
the Maratha kingdom. The Peshwas were largely responsible for encouraging
the arts and learning, the setting up several revenue and judicial reforms.
It was only after the Battle of Koregaon in 1818, that Pune fell
into the hands of the East India Company. The British proposed to transform
the city into a monsoon capital but instead developed it into a
19th century Indian army town and renamed it Poona.